Soil Application: Granular organic fertilizers, compost, and manure are best applied around the base of the vine, avoiding direct contact with roots.
Foliar Feeding: Spraying liquid fertilizers (seaweed extract, fish emulsion) directly on leaves ensures quick absorption, especially for micronutrients.
Drip Irrigation Fertigation: Dissolving nutrients in irrigation water ensures consistent feeding and reduces wastage.
Mulching: Organic mulch (coconut husks, dry leaves) enriches the soil while maintaining moisture and microbial activity.